Australia’s most populous state, New South Wales is home to 7.8 million. As the home to Australia’s biggest city Sydney, New South Wales was the first European settlement on the continent. The Colony of New South Wales was established in 1788 shortly after the continent’s discovery by Captain James Cook and functioned as a penal colony for many years. The territory fell into discord under the rule of Governor William Bligh, but order was restored by his replacement Lachlan Macquarie, a major figure in the country’s history. Macquarie radically modernised New South Wales, implementing hugely significant infrastructure, which made Sydney the major urban hub of the burgeoning new British colony. As the colony segmented into a number of different territories, New South Wales retained its importance as the Federation of Australia was established in 1901. The region is known for its diverse nature, boasting some of the country’s most spectacular beaches as well as the country’s best skiing mountains. With Sydney as the country’s main economic centre, the state is also supported by a rich agricultural industry and of course, tourism.
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