Peru’s most historically significant city, Cusco is the former historic capital of the fallen Inca Empire. For 300 years between the 13th to 16th Centuries, Cusco was one of South America’s most powerful and wealthy cities. Sacked by the Spanish Conquistadors under the command of Francisco Pizarro, the city fell under control of the Spanish Empire. It is known for its spectacular pre-colonial architecture, much of which remains intact in the present day. Due to its wealth of pre-colonial and colonial buildings as well as its close proximity to Machu Picchu, Cusco has become one of the most popular tourism destinations in South America, with 1.2 million people visiting the city every year.

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