Making Iran Great: the Safavid Dynasty
The Safavid dynasty was one of the most significant ruling dynasties in Persia (modern-day Iran) from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. Founded by Shah Ismail I in 1501, the dynasty is particularly noted for establishing Twelver Shiism as the state religion, which has had a lasting impact on Iranian identity and culture.
When Shah Ismail I unified Persia and declared Shiism the state religion, he distinguished Persia from its Sunni neighbors, particularly the Ottoman Empire.
The Safavid era is renowned for its cultural achievements, including advancements in art, architecture, and literature. The construction of mosques, such as the Shah Mosque in Isfahan, (built under the reign of the great Abbas the 1st) and the development of Persian carpets are notable highlights.
The Safavid state was marked by a strong centralized government. The Shah wielded significant power, often supported by a hierarchy of religious and military leaders.
The dynasty founded by Ismail I would rule for over two centuries, being one of the greatest Iranian empires and at its height being amongst the most powerful empires of its time, ruling all of present-day Iran, the Republic of Azerbaijan, Armenia, most of Georgia, the North Caucasus, and Iraq, as well as parts of modern-day Turkey, Syria, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan.It also reasserted the Iranian identity in large parts of Greater Iran.
The dynasty began to decline in the late 17th century due to internal strife, economic difficulties, and external pressures, particularly from the Ottomans and Afghans. The dynasty effectively ended in 1736 when Nader Shah, a military leader, deposed the last Safavid ruler.
The Safavid dynasty left a profound legacy on Iran, shaping its national identity, religious orientation, and cultural landscape. Their influence is still evident in modern Iranian society.
The Safavid period is often referred to as a golden age in Persian history due to its remarkable contributions to the arts and the establishment of a strong national identity.
Destination: Iran / Turkey / Afghanistan
