Sudan
Sudan is located in northeastern Africa and is the third-largest country on the continent. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest.
The Nile River flows through Sudan from south to north, providing essential water resources and supporting agriculture along its banks.The northern part of the country is dominated by the Sahara Desert, characterized by arid conditions and sand dunes. The eastern region features the Red Sea Hills, while the western part includes the Darfur Mountains.The central and southern regions have savannahs and grasslands, which support agriculture and livestock.
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History
Sudan is home to ancient Nubian kingdoms, like Kerma, Napata, and Meroë, which thrived along the Nile and were known for their pyramids and advanced culture.
In the 7th century, Islam spread into Sudan, leading to the establishment of Islamic kingdoms and cultural shifts.
In the 19th century, Sudan fell under the control of the Ottoman Empire, followed by British-Egyptian rule in the late 19th century. The British established administrative and economic structures that impacted the region.
Sudan gained independence from British-Egyptian rule on January 1, 1956. However, the country faced internal conflicts, including civil wars driven by ethnic, religious, and economic tensions.
After decades of conflict, South Sudan gained independence from Sudan on July 9, 2011, following a referendum.
In recent years the country has been afflicted by ongoing civil wars
Culture
Arabic is the official language, while English is widely used in education and government. Many indigenous languages are also spoken, such as Nubian and Beja.
Sudanese cuisine features staples like sorghum, millet, and wheat, often served with stews made from meat or vegetables. Dishes like “foul” (fava beans) and “kisra” (flatbread) are popular.
Cultural and religious festivals are important in Sudanese society, including Eid celebrations and traditional weddings that showcase music, dance, and rituals.
